The role of attractors becomes clear when studying living systems. For example, amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, but are not considered to be living forms. Proteins involved in the metabolism of cells are composed of chains which include more than 90 amino acids. Simple combinatory calculations show that more than 10600 (one followed by 600 zeros) permutations are required to combine amino acids by chance in a “spontaneous” protein[1]. This number is greater than all the spontaneous combinations which are possible in the entire history of the universe, since the Big Bang.

In a work published in the American Scientist, Walter Elsasser[2] shows that in the 13-15 billion years of our Universe no more than 10106 events took place (also considering the level of nanoseconds). Consequently, any event requiring a combinatorial value greater than 10106 is simply impossible in our Universe.

The number 10600 is by far greater than all the possible combinations in the history of our Universe. In other words, the possibility that only one protein is formed by chance is null. Elsasser concludes that: “the notion of chance in biology has no logical foundation ... its use to explain life is at best metaphorical, but there is a danger that this metaphor may divert attention in the wrong direction.”

In other words, the possibility of random formation of just one protein is nil.

 

The Vital Needs Theory - page 67

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[1] Fantappiè L. 1993, Conferenze Scelte, Di Renzo, Roma.

[2] Elsasser W.M. 1969, A causal phenomena in physics and biology: A case for reconstruction. American Scientist, 57: 502-16.